INN monograph
Midazolam
Therapeutic agent (verify pharmacological class) · POM
Verified · Updated 01 Aug 2026 · Source: Local active-ingredient clinical extract; RxNorm (NLM RxNav); PubChem; Professional class pharmacology (Therapeutic agent (verify pharmacological class))
Kenya market
Wholesale / list prices where loaded
Risk first
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to the active substance or excipients.
- Additional absolute contraindications are indication- and product-specific — consult SmPC.
Precautions
- Use cautiously in patients with myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy, myotonias, muscle weakness, sleep apnoea, and respiratory diseases as these conditions may worse.
- Dose is adjusted downwards in case of renal or hepatic disorders and in elderly patients.
- It produces paradoxical excitation and increased incidence of emergence delirium especially when given orally.
Point of care
Dosing
Adult
Pre-operative pre-medication: Adults: 10-15mg 1.M according to age and general conditions. Children 0.15-0.2mg/kg 20-30min before anaesthesia, alone or in combination with anticholinergics and possibly analgesic. Pre-medication before diagnostic or surgical intervention under local anaesthesia: 2.5 -5mg 1.v 5-10 min before operation, alone or in combination with I.V. anticholinergics.
Paediatric
See label paediatric section if present; otherwise use paediatric formulary — do not extrapolate adult doses.
Renal
Review renal impairment dosing; many agents need CrCl/eGFR adjustment.
- CrCl 0–120: Confirm renal dosing in product SmPC / primary label.
Hepatic
Review hepatic impairment dosing; monitor LFTs if agent is hepatically cleared or hepatotoxic.
Safety
Drug interactions
- Professional use: confirm indication, dose, duration, monitoring and patient counselling points against current Kenya STG / EML and the product SmPC.
- Document allergy status and key interactions.
Safety
Adverse effects
- Hypotension
- nausea and vomiting
- headache
- confusion
- bronchospasm
- erythema
- pain at the injection point
- arrhythmias,
- cardiorespiratory arrest.
Use
Indications
- Pre-operative pre-medication, Pre-medication before diagnostic or surgical intervention under local anaesthesia Clinical selection for Midazolam should follow culture results where relevant, Kenya STG/EML recommendations, and the current product SmPC.
- Class context: Therapeutic agent (verify pharmacological class).
- Confirm site-specific dose, duration and monitoring before prescribing.
Pharmacology
Mode of action
Known to potentiate the inhibitory effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA] in the CNS Mechanism is agent-specific.
Full mechanism text
Known to potentiate the inhibitory effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA] in the CNS Mechanism is agent-specific. At receptor, enzyme, ion channel, transporter or microbial target level, the drug alters a physiological or pathological pathway to produce its therapeutic effect. Confirm precise molecular mechanism in current SmPC / pharmacology reference for this INN before high-stakes decisions.
ADME
Pharmacokinetics & PD
| Onset | Product-specific |
|---|---|
| Duration | Product-specific |
| Route | See product SmPC |
| Elimination | are product-specific. Consider food effects, protein binding, hepatic CYP/UGT |
| Half-life | when adjusting for organ impairment, age and drug interactions. Verify parameters in the current SmPC. |
Full PK/PD text
Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion are product-specific. Consider food effects, protein binding, hepatic CYP/UGT metabolism, renal clearance and half-life when adjusting for organ impairment, age and drug interactions. Verify parameters in the current SmPC.
Kenya
Brands & prices
| Brand | Company | Pack | KES |
|---|---|---|---|
| Benzosed | Troikaa Pharmaceuticals | Standard Commercial Pack | — |
| Dormicum | F. Hoffman La Roche Ltd. | Standard Commercial Pack | — |
| Tasnovel | Troikaa Pharmaceuticals | Standard Commercial Pack | — |
Special populations
Pregnancy & lactation
Pregnancy
Use only if potential benefit justifies potential risk; prefer agents with better reproductive data when alternatives exist.
Lactation
Assess infant risk vs benefit of maternal therapy; prefer agents with lactation data.
Diet
Food & alcohol
- Food
- Food
Trust
Sources & disclaimer
Source: Local active-ingredient clinical extract; RxNorm (NLM RxNav); PubChem; Professional class pharmacology (Therapeutic agent (verify pharmacological class))
Last reviewed: 01 Aug 2026
Decision support only — not a substitute for clinical judgment, product SmPC, or Kenya STG/EML.